MAGNABEND - AIKIN CIRCUIT
An ƙera babban fayil ɗin takarda na Magnabend azaman wutar lantarki ta DC.
Mafi sauƙaƙan da'ira da ake buƙata don fitar da na'urar maganadisu na lantarki ta ƙunshi maɓalli da mai gyara gada kawai:
Hoto 1: Karamin Da'ira:
Ya kamata a lura cewa an haɗa maɓallin ON / KASHE a gefen AC na kewaye.Wannan yana ba da damar inductive coil halin yanzu don yawo ta cikin diodes a cikin gada mai gyara bayan kashewa har sai halin yanzu ya lalace sosai zuwa sifili.
(The diodes a cikin gada suna aiki a matsayin "tashi-baya" diodes).
Don aiki mafi aminci kuma mafi dacewa yana da kyawawa don samun da'ira wanda ke ba da kutse mai hannu 2 da matsi mai mataki 2.Makullin mai hannu 2 yana taimakawa don tabbatar da cewa ba za a iya kama yatsu a ƙarƙashin maƙullin ba kuma ƙwanƙwasa da aka tsara yana ba da sauƙi mai sauƙi kuma yana ba da damar hannu ɗaya don riƙe abubuwa a wurin har sai an kunna riga-kafin.
Hoto 2: Da'irar tare da Kulle da Tsage-tsalle na 2:
Lokacin da aka danna maballin START ana ba da ƙaramin ƙarfin lantarki zuwa na'urar maganadisu ta AC capacitor don haka yana haifar da tasirin haske.Wannan hanyar amsawa ta iyakance na yanzu zuwa nada ba ta ƙunshi wani gagarumin tarwatsewar wuta a cikin na'urar da ke iyakancewa ( capacitor).
Ana samun cikakken matsewa lokacin da ake sarrafa maɓalli mai aiki da Bending Beam da maɓallin START tare.
Yawanci maɓallin START za a fara turawa da farko (da hannun hagu) sannan kuma za'a ja hannun katakon lanƙwasa da ɗayan hannun.Cikakkun matsawa ba zai faru ba sai dai idan an sami ɗan zoba a cikin aikin maɓalli 2.Duk da haka da zarar an kafa cikakken matsi ba lallai ba ne a ci gaba da riƙe maɓallin START.
Residual Magnetism
Ƙaramar matsala amma babbar matsala tare da na'urar Magnabend, kamar yadda tare da yawancin electro-magnets, shine matsalar ragowar maganadisu.Wannan shine ƙaramin adadin maganadisu da ke saura bayan an kashe magnet ɗin.Yana sa sandunan matsawa su kasance cikin rauni a manne a jikin magnet don haka ya sa cire kayan aikin ke da wahala.
Amfani da ƙarfe mai taushin maganadisu ɗaya ne daga cikin hanyoyin da za a bi don shawo kan ragowar maganadisu.
Duk da haka wannan abu yana da wuyar samuwa a cikin girman hannun jari kuma yana da taushi a zahiri wanda ke nufin cewa zai iya lalacewa cikin sauƙi a cikin injin lanƙwasa.
Haɗin gibin da ba na maganadisu ba a cikin da'irar maganadisu watakila hanya ce mafi sauƙi don rage ragowar maganadisu.Wannan hanyar tana da inganci kuma tana da sauƙin cimmawa a cikin jikin magnet da aka ƙirƙira - kawai haɗa wani yanki na kwali ko aluminium kamar kauri 0.2mm tsakanin faɗin sandar gaba da babban yanki kafin rufe sassan maganadisu tare.Babban koma baya na wannan hanyar ita ce tazarar da ba ta maganadisu ba tana rage juzu'in da ake samu don cikawa.Hakanan ba kai tsaye ba ne don haɗa ratar a cikin jikin maganadisu guda ɗaya kamar yadda aka yi amfani da shi don ƙirar maganadisu na nau'in E.
Filayen nuna son kai, wanda aka samar ta hanyar coil, shima hanya ce mai inganci.Amma ya haɗa da ƙarin rikitarwa mara izini a cikin kera coil da kuma a cikin kewayawa, kodayake an yi amfani da shi a ɗan lokaci a farkon ƙirar Magnabend.
Ruɓewar oscillation (" ringing") a haƙiƙance hanya ce mai kyau don ragewa.
Waɗannan hotuna na oscilloscope suna nuna ƙarfin lantarki (saman alama) da na yanzu (trace na ƙasa) a cikin coil na Magnabend tare da madaidaicin capacitor da aka haɗa a samansa don sanya shi yin oscillate da kansa.(An kashe kayan AC kusan a tsakiyar hoton).
Hoton farko na buɗaɗɗen da'irar maganadisu, wato ba tare da matsewa akan maganadisu ba.Hoto na biyu na rufaffiyar maganadisu ce, wato tare da cikakken sandar matsewa akan maganadisu.
A hoto na farko irin ƙarfin lantarki yana nuna ruɓewar oscillation (ringing) haka ma na yanzu (ƙananan alama), amma a hoto na biyu ƙarfin wutar lantarki ba ya jujjuyawa ko kaɗan.Wannan yana nufin cewa ba za a sami jujjuyawar motsin maganadisu ba don haka ba za a soke ragowar maganadisu ba.
Matsalar ita ce magnet ɗin yana da ƙarfi sosai, galibi saboda asarar da aka yi a yanzu a cikin ƙarfe, don haka abin takaici wannan hanyar ba ta aiki ga Magnabend.
Tilasta oscillation wani tunani ne.Idan maganadisu ya yi zafi sosai don yin oscillate da kansa to ana iya tilasta shi yin oscillate ta da'irori masu aiki waɗanda ke ba da kuzari kamar yadda ake buƙata.An kuma bincika wannan sosai don Magnabend.Babban koma bayansa shi ne cewa ya ƙunshi juzu'i mai rikitarwa fiye da kima.
Reverse-pulse demagnetising shine hanyar da ta tabbatar da mafi kyawun farashi ga Magnabend.Cikakkun bayanai na wannan ƙirar suna wakiltar ainihin aikin da Magnetic Engineering Pty Ltd ya yi. Tattaunawa dalla-dalla ta biyo baya:
JAYA-ZANGAR RUWAN KARYA
Mahimmancin wannan ra'ayin shine adana makamashi a cikin capacitor sannan a sake shi a cikin coil bayan an kashe magnet.Polarity yana buƙatar zama irin wannan capacitor zai haifar da jujjuya halin yanzu a cikin nada.Adadin kuzarin da aka adana a cikin capacitor ana iya keɓance shi don ya isa kawai don soke ragowar maganadisu.(Maƙarƙashiya mai yawa zai iya wuce gona da iri kuma ya sake haɓaka maganadisu ta wata hanya dabam).
Ƙarin fa'idar hanyar juzu'i-bugu shine yana samar da lalatawar da sauri da kusan sakin clampbar daga maganadisu.Wannan saboda ba lallai ba ne a jira lokacin nada ya ruɓe zuwa sifili kafin haɗa bugun bugun baya.A aikace-aikacen bugun bugun jini ana tilasta wa coil halin yanzu zuwa sifili (sannan ya koma baya) da sauri da sauri fiye da lalatawar sa na yau da kullun.
Hoto 3: Basic Reverse-Pulse Circuit
Yanzu, a al'ada, sanya lamba mai canzawa tsakanin mai gyarawa da na'urar maganadisu "yana wasa da wuta".
Wannan saboda ba za a iya katse wutar lantarki ba kwatsam.Idan kuwa haka ne, lambobin sadarwa za su yi baka kuma na'urar za ta lalace ko ma ta lalace gaba daya.(Madaidaicin injina zai kasance ƙoƙarin dakatar da keken tashi ba zato ba tsammani).
Don haka, duk abin da aka ƙirƙira shi dole ne ya samar da ingantacciyar hanya don halin yanzu na coil a kowane lokaci, gami da na ƴan millise seconds yayin da mai canza lamba ya canza.
Da'irar da ke sama, wacce ta ƙunshi capacitors 2 kawai da diodes 2 (tare da tuntuɓar relay), ta cimma ayyukan cajin capacitor na Storage zuwa mummunan ƙarfin lantarki (dangane da gefen coil) kuma yana ba da madadin hanya don nada. halin yanzu yayin da sadarwar relay ke kan tashi.
Yadda yake aiki:
Faɗin D1 da C2 suna aiki azaman famfun caji don C1 yayin da D2 shine diode mai ɗaure wanda ke riƙe maki B daga tafiya mai kyau.
Yayin da maganadisu ke ON za a haɗa lambar sadarwa ta relay zuwa tashar ta "buɗewa ta al'ada" (NO) kuma magnet ɗin zai yi aikinsa na yau da kullun na ƙulla takarda.Famfon cajin zai kasance yana cajin C1 zuwa mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin wuta daidai da girman ƙarfin ƙarfin nada.Wutar lantarki akan C1 zai ƙaru da yawa amma za'a caje shi sosai cikin kusan 1/2 na daƙiƙa.
Sannan yana kasancewa cikin wannan yanayin har sai an kashe injin.
Nan da nan bayan an kashe relay ɗin yana riƙe da ɗan gajeren lokaci.A wannan lokacin naɗaɗɗen na'ura mai ƙima sosai zai ci gaba da yin zagayawa ta hanyar diodes a cikin gada mai gyara.Yanzu, bayan jinkiri na kimanin daƙiƙa 30, tuntuɓar na'urar za ta fara rabuwa.Yanzun nada ba zai iya zuwa ta diodes masu gyara ba amma a maimakon haka ya sami hanya ta C1, D1, da C2.Hanyar wannan halin yanzu shine wanda zai ƙara ƙara mummunan caji akan C1 kuma zai fara cajin C2 shima.
Ƙimar C2 yana buƙatar zama babba don sarrafa ƙimar haɓakar ƙarfin lantarki a duk hanyar sadarwar buɗewa don tabbatar da cewa baka ba ya samuwa.Ƙimar kusan 5 micro-farads a kowace amp na coil current ya wadatar don gudun ba da sanda na yau da kullun.
Hoto na 4 da ke ƙasa yana nuna cikakkun bayanai na sifofin raƙuman ruwa waɗanda ke faruwa a cikin rabin farko na daƙiƙa guda bayan kashewa.Wutar wutar lantarki wanda C2 ke sarrafa shi yana bayyane a fili akan alamar ja a tsakiyar adadi, ana yiwa lakabin "Relay contact on the tashi".(Za a iya fitar da ainihin lokacin tashi daga wannan alamar; yana da kusan 1.5 ms).
Da zaran relay armature ya sauka akan tashar ta NC ɗin da aka caja mara kyau na ma'ajiyar ma'adanar tana haɗe da na'urar maganadisu.Wannan ba ya juyar da na'urar kai tsaye nan da nan amma na yanzu yana gudana "zuwa sama" don haka ana tilasta shi da sauri zuwa sifili kuma zuwa ga kololuwa mara kyau wanda ke faruwa kusan 80 ms bayan haɗin ma'aunin ƙarfin ajiya.(Duba Hoto na 5).Rashin halin yanzu zai haifar da mummunan juyi a cikin maganadisu wanda zai soke ragowar maganadisu kuma za a fitar da clampbar da workpiece da sauri.
Hoto 4: Faɗaɗɗen Waveforms
Hoto na 5: Ƙarfin wutar lantarki da Nau'in Waveform na Yanzu akan Magnet Coil
Hoto na 5 da ke sama yana kwatanta ƙarfin lantarki da sifofin raƙuman ruwa na yanzu akan naɗaɗɗen maganadisu yayin lokacin da aka rigaya, da cikakken lokacin matsewa, da lokacin lalata.
Ana tunanin cewa sauƙi da tasiri na wannan da'irar demagnetising ya kamata ya nuna cewa zai sami aikace-aikace a cikin wasu na'urorin lantarki waɗanda ke buƙatar demagnetising.Ko da ragowar maganadisu ba matsala ba ne wannan da'irar zata iya zama da amfani sosai don jujjuya na'urar zuwa sifili da sauri kuma don haka ba da saurin fitarwa.
Da'irar Magnabend Mai Aiki:
Za a iya haɗa ra'ayoyin da'irar da aka tattauna a sama zuwa cikin cikakken da'ira tare da duka biyu-hannun kulle-kulle da jujjuyawar bugun jini kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa (Hoto 6):
Hoto 6: Hadaddiyar Da'ira
Wannan da'irar za ta yi aiki amma abin takaici ba abin dogaro ba ne.
Don samun ingantaccen aiki da kuma tsawon rayuwar canza rayuwa, dole ne a ƙara wasu ƙarin abubuwa zuwa da'irar asali kamar yadda aka nuna a ƙasa (Hoto 7):
Hoto 7: Haɗaɗɗen Kewayawa tare da gyare-gyare
SW1:
Wannan maɓalli ne mai keɓance sandar sanda biyu.Ana ƙara shi don dacewa kuma don biyan ka'idodin lantarki.Hakanan yana da kyawawa don wannan canji ya haɗa hasken alamar neon don nuna matsayin ON/KASHE na kewaye.
D3 da C4:
Ba tare da D3 ba, latching na gudun ba da sanda ba abin dogaro ba ne kuma ya dangana da ɗan lokaci kan yanayin babban igiyar igiyar ruwa a lokacin aiki na maɓallin katako mai lanƙwasawa.D3 yana gabatar da jinkiri (yawanci miliyon 30 daƙiƙa) a cikin jujjuyawar fitarwa.Wannan yana shawo kan matsalar latching kuma yana da fa'ida don samun jinkirin jinkiri kafin fara bugun bugun jini (daga baya a cikin sake zagayowar).C4 yana ba da haɗin AC na da'irar relay wanda in ba haka ba zai zama gajeriyar da'ira ta rabi lokacin da aka danna maɓallin START.
THERM.CANZA:
Wannan maɓalli yana da mahalli da ke hulɗa da jikin magnet kuma zai buɗe da'ira idan magnet ɗin ya yi zafi sosai (> 70 C).Sanya shi a jeri tare da na'urar relay na nufin cewa kawai dole ne ya canza ƙaramar halin yanzu ta hanyar na'urar relay maimakon cikakken magnet yanzu.
R2:
Lokacin da aka danna maɓallin START relay ɗin yana jan ciki sannan kuma za'a sami in-rush current wanda ke cajin C3 ta hanyar gyara gada, C2 da diode D2.Idan ba tare da R2 ba ba za a sami juriya a cikin wannan kewaye ba kuma sakamakon babban halin yanzu zai iya lalata lambobin sadarwa a cikin START sauyawa.
Har ila yau, akwai wani yanayin da'ira inda R2 ke ba da kariya: Idan maɓalli na katako mai lanƙwasa (SW2) ya motsa daga tashar NO (inda zai kasance yana ɗaukar cikakken magnet yanzu) zuwa tashar NC, to sau da yawa arc zai yi kuma idan Har yanzu ana ci gaba da sauyawa START a wannan lokacin sannan C3 a zahiri zai zama gajeriyar kewayawa kuma, dangane da adadin wutar lantarki da ke kan C3, to wannan na iya lalata SW2.Koyaya kuma R2 zai iyakance wannan ɗan gajeren kewayawa zuwa ƙimar aminci.R2 yana buƙatar ƙarancin juriya kawai (yawanci 2 ohms) don samar da isasshen kariya.
Varistor:
varistor, wanda aka haɗa tsakanin tashoshin AC na mai gyara, yawanci ba ya yin komai.Amma idan akwai hauhawar wutar lantarki a kan na'urorin lantarki (saboda misali - yajin walƙiya kusa) to varistor zai sha makamashin da ke cikin hawan kuma ya hana karuwar wutar lantarki daga lalata gada mai gyara.
R1:
Idan za a danna maballin START yayin bugun bugun jini to wannan zai iya haifar da baka a wurin sadarwa wanda hakan zai zama kusan gajeriyar kewayawa C1 (ma'ajin ajiyar ajiya).Za a jefar da makamashin capacitor a cikin da'irar da ta ƙunshi C1, mai gyara gada da baka a cikin relay.Idan ba tare da R1 ba akwai juriya kaɗan a cikin wannan da'irar don haka halin yanzu zai kasance mai girma sosai kuma zai isa don walda lambobin sadarwa a cikin relay.R1 yana ba da kariya a cikin wannan (da ɗan sabon abu) aukuwa.
Zabin R1 na Musamman:
Idan abin da aka kwatanta a sama ya faru to R1 zai shafe kusan dukkanin makamashin da aka adana a C1 ba tare da la'akari da ainihin ƙimar R1 ba.Muna son R1 ya zama babba idan aka kwatanta da sauran juriya na kewaye amma ƙanƙanta idan aka kwatanta da juriya na nada Magnabend (in ba haka ba R1 zai rage tasirin bugun jini na demagnetising).Ƙimar kusan 5 zuwa 10 ohms zai dace amma menene ƙimar wutar lantarki ya kamata R1 ya kasance?Abin da muke buƙatar tantancewa shine ƙarfin bugun jini, ko ƙimar kuzari na resistor.Amma wannan sifa ba yawanci ana kayyade shi don masu adawa da wutar lantarki ba.Adadin wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin ƙima yawanci waya-rauni ne kuma mun ƙaddara cewa muhimmin abin da ake nema a cikin wannan resistor shine adadin ainihin waya da aka yi amfani da shi wajen gininsa.Kuna buƙatar buɗe samfurin resistor kuma auna ma'auni da tsawon waya da aka yi amfani da shi.Daga wannan lissafin jimillar ƙarar waya sannan zaɓi resistor mai aƙalla 20 mm3 na waya.
(Misali 6.8 ohm/11 watt resistor daga kayan aikin RS an gano yana da girman waya na 24mm3).
An yi sa'a waɗannan ƙarin abubuwan haɗin gwiwa suna da ƙanƙanta a cikin girma da farashi don haka ƙara ƴan daloli kawai ga gabaɗayan kuɗin lantarki na Magnabend.
Akwai ƙarin ɗan kewayawa wanda har yanzu ba a tattauna ba.Wannan yana shawo kan ƙaramin matsala:
Idan an danna maɓallin START kuma ba a bi ta hanyar ja hannun (wanda zai ba da cikakkiyar matsewa) to ba za a cika cajin capacitor ɗin ajiya ba kuma bugun bugun jini wanda ke haifar da sakin maɓallin START ba zai cika lalata injin ɗin ba. .Makullin zai kasance a makale a kan injin kuma hakan zai zama abin damuwa.
Ƙarin D4 da R3, wanda aka nuna da shuɗi a cikin hoto na 8 da ke ƙasa, suna ciyar da tsarin igiyar ruwa mai dacewa a cikin da'irar cajin caji don tabbatar da cewa an caje C1 ko da ba a yi amfani da cikakken clamping ba.(Ƙimar R3 ba ta da mahimmanci - 220 ohms / 10 watt zai dace da yawancin inji).
Hoto 8: kewayawa tare da Demagnetise bayan "START" kawai:
Don ƙarin bayani game da abubuwan da'ira don Allah koma zuwa sashin abubuwan da aka gyara a cikin "Gina Magnabend naku"
Don dalilai na tunani cikakkun zane-zane na 240 Volt AC, Injin E-Type Magnabend wanda Magnetic Engineering Pty Ltd ke ƙera ana nuna su a ƙasa.
Lura cewa don aiki akan 115 VAC da yawa abubuwan abubuwan suna buƙatar gyara.
Injiniyan Magnetic ya daina samar da injunan Magnabend a cikin 2003 lokacin da aka siyar da kasuwancin.
Lura: Tattaunawar da ke sama an yi niyya ne don bayyana ainihin ƙa'idodin aikin da'ira kuma ba a cika dukkan bayanai ba.Cikakken da'irar da aka nuna a sama kuma an haɗa su a cikin littattafan Magnabend waɗanda ke akwai sauran wurare akan wannan rukunin yanar gizon.
Ya kamata kuma a lura da cewa mun ɓullo da cikakkun sigogin yanayi na wannan da'irar waɗanda suka yi amfani da IGBT maimakon relay don canza halin yanzu.
Ba a taɓa yin amfani da daskararrun da'ira ba a cikin kowane injin Magnabend amma an yi amfani da shi don maganadiso na musamman waɗanda muka kera don layin samarwa.Waɗannan layukan samarwa galibi suna fitar da abubuwa 5,000 (kamar ƙofar firiji) kowace rana.
Injiniyan Magnetic ya daina samar da injunan Magnabend a cikin 2003 lokacin da aka siyar da kasuwancin.
Da fatan za a yi amfani da hanyar haɗin yanar gizon Contact Alan akan wannan rukunin yanar gizon don neman ƙarin bayani.